改性聚二甲基硅氧烷 (iPDMS) 蛋白芯片在肿瘤相关抗原自身抗体筛查中的应用

肿瘤标记的快速筛查是临床早期诊断的难题。利用化学发光蛋白质芯片技术,对低丰度的肿瘤相关抗原的自身抗体进行高灵敏度的筛选,是一种有益的尝试。本研究首先将带烯烃末端的、引发聚合反应的表面引发剂加入到常规聚二甲基硅氧烷材料中,再通过热交联反应固定到聚二甲基硅氧烷的三维结构中,形成改性聚二甲基硅氧烷 (iPDMS)。为了使iPDMS材料具有抗蛋白质非特异性吸附的特性,在活性引发位点处通过表面引发的原子转移自由基聚合反应合成poly(OEGMA) 高分子刷。最后将20种肿瘤相关的抗原利用高通量喷点打印技术打印到芯片的特定区域,并组装成iPDMS芯片的48孔检测微孔板。对临床上常见的8种肿瘤患者血清进行分析,发现VEGFR1和VEGF121自身抗体对常见的8种肿瘤具有检测价值,有望成为肿瘤快速筛查的检测指标。     

African Swine Fever Virus Protein E199L Promotes Cell Autophagy through the Interaction of PYCR2

African swine fever virus(ASFV), as a member of the large DNA viruses, may regulate autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting programmed cell death. However, the function of ASFV proteins has not been fully elucidated, especially the role of autophagy in ASFV infection. One of three Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases(PYCR), is primarily involved in conversion of glutamate to proline. Previous studies have shown that depletion of PYCR2 was related to the induction of autophagy. In the present study, we found for the first time that ASFV E199 L protein induced a complete autophagy process in Vero and HEK-293 T cells. Through co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry(CoIP-MS)analysis, we firstly identified that E199 L interact with PYCR2 in vitro. Importantly, our work provides evidence that E199 L down-regulated the expression of PYCR2, resulting in autophagy activation. Overall, our results demonstrate that ASFV E199 L protein induces complete autophagy through interaction with PYCR2 and down-regulate the expression level of PYCR2, which provide a valuable reference for the role of autophagy during ASFV infection and contribute to the functional clues of PYCR2.     

The Efficacy of a Live Attenuated TW I-Type Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccine Candidate

Virologica Sinica - Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious avian disease caused by infection with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which seriously affects the development of the global...     

Diet drives convergent evolution of gut microbiomes in bamboo-eating species

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in host physiology and health. The coevolution between the host and its gut microbes facilitates animal adaptation to its specific ecological niche. Multiple factors such as host diet and phylogeny modulate the structure and function of gut microbiota. However, the relative contribution of each factor in shaping the structure of gut microbiota remains unclear. The giant(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red(Ailurus styani) pandas belong to different families of order Carnivora. They have evolved as obligate bamboo-feeders and can be used as a model system for studying the gut microbiome convergent evolution. Here, we compare the structure and function of gut microbiota of the two pandas with their carnivorous relatives using 16S rRNA and metagenome sequencing. We found that both panda species share more similarities in their gut microbiota structure with each other than each species shares with its carnivorous relatives. This indicates that the specialized herbivorous diet rather than host phylogeny is the dominant driver of gut microbiome convergence within Arctoidea.Metagenomic analysis revealed that the symbiotic gut microbiota of both pandas possesses a high level of starch and sucrose metabolism and vitamin B12 biosynthesis. These findings suggest a diet-driven convergence of gut microbiomes and provide new insight into host-microbiota coevolution of these endangered species.     

DNA sequencing,genomes and genetic markers of microbes on fruits and vegetables

The development of DNA sequencing technology has provided an effective method for studying foodborne and phytopathogenic microorganisms on fruits and vegetables (F & V). DNA sequencing has successfully proceeded through three generations, including the tens of operating platforms. These advances have significantly promoted microbial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA polymorphism research. Based on genomic and regional polymorphisms, genetic markers have been widely obtained. These molecular markers are used as targets for PCR or chip analyses to detect microbes at the genetic level. Furthermore, metagenomic analyses conducted by sequencing the hypervariable regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have revealed comprehensive microbial communities in various studies on F & V. This review highlights the basic principles of three generations of DNA sequencing, and summarizes the WGS studies of and available DNA markers for major bacterial foodborne pathogens and phytopathogenic fungi found on F & V. In addition, rDNA sequencing-based bacterial and fungal metagenomics are summarized under three topics. These findings deepen the understanding of DNA sequencing and its application in studies of foodborne and phytopathogenic microbes and shed light on strategies for the monitoring of F & V microbes and quality control.     

Mild hypothermia in rat with acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury complicating severe sepsis

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) with concurrent severe sepsis has led to substantial mortality. Mild hypothermia (MHT) has been proved to have a therapeutic effect in either MIRI or severe sepsis, which suggests it might be beneficial for MIRI complicating severe sepsis. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats with MIRI complicating severe sepsis were allotted in either MHT (33 ± 0.5°C) group or normothermia (NT, 37 ± 0.5°C) group; as control, rats receiving sham surgery and normal saline were kept at NT. After 2h of temperature maintenance, blood and heart tissue were acquired for detections. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in blood, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Evans blue staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining for myocardium were employed to detect myocardial damage. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and caspase-3 was performed by immunohistochemistry to exam myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. Detection of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 was for myocardial oxidative stress. In MHT group, systolic blood pressure was improved significantly compared with NT group. Myocardial infarct size, morphological change, LDH and CK-MB levels were attenuated compared to NT group. Moreover, less expressions of TNF-α, caspase-3 and NOX2 in MHT group were presented compared with NT group. MHT showed cardioprotection by improving cardiac dysfunction, reducing myocardial infarct size and attenuating myocardial injury, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress.     

Longibramides A–E,Peptaibols Isolated from a Mushroom Derived Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG-3-1-1

Five new peptaibols, longibramides A–E ( 1 – 5 ) with 11 amino acid residues, were isolated from a fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG-3-1-1, which was isolated from a mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm collected from coniferous forest in the subboreal area of northeast China. The structures of longibramides A–E were determined by their spectroscopic data (NMR and MS-MS spectra), their absolute configurations were determined by X-ray diffractions and Marfey's analyses. The X-ray diffractions of longibramides A, B, and the similar CD spectra of A–E showed that they all had α-helix conformations. Longibramides B and E showed moderate cytotoxicities against BV2 and MCF-7 cells and also showed some inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA T144. L-trans-Hyp was not commonly found in natural peptaibols, which was the 6^th or 10^th amino acid residue in longibramides C–E. The X-ray diffractions of longibramides A and B afforded the accuracy conformations of their secondary structures, which maybe help to interpret the structure-activity relationships of the family of peptaibols in the future.     

Transcriptomic analysis provides insights into candidate genes and molecular pathways involved in growth of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Functional & Integrative Genomics - Growth is one of the most important traits of aquaculture breeding programs. Understanding the mechanisms underlying growth differences between individuals...     

Oxidative DNA and RNA damage and their prognostic values during Salmonella enteritidis-induced intestinal infection in rats

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that microbial pathogens may induce oxidative stress in infected hosts. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between changes in oxidative stress and intestinal infection with and without antibiotic treatment in animal models. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups: rats infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. enteritidis), rats infected with S. enteritidis followed by norfloxacin treatment, and the control group. To evaluate oxidative stress changes, levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxo-Gsn) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGsn), which represented oxidative damage to RNA and DNA, respectively, were analysed in urine and tissue samples. In urine, the level of 8-oxo-Gsn increased significantly after oral exposure to S. enteritidis (p?≤?0.001) and returned to baseline after recovery. Notably, norfloxacin treatment decreased the level of 8-oxo-Gsn in urine significantly (p?=?0.001). Changes of 8-oxo-Gsn measured in tissues from the small intestine, colon, liver and spleen were consistent with 8-oxo-Gsn measured in urine. Our study suggested that 8-oxo-Gsn in urine may serve as a highly sensitive biomarker for evaluating the severity of S. enteritidis infection and the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment against infection.     

Notes on black elytron species of Pyrrhalta Joannis and the description of a new species from China (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)

Thirteen species of Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 with black elytron are reviewed. A key to species, photographs of aedeagus and habitus are provided. Pyrrhalta qianana sp. n. is described from Guizhou, China. Pyrrhalta martensi Medvedev & Sprecher-Uebersax, 1999 is newly recorded from China (Tibet).